OOPC | State of the ocean climate

Surface ocean indices (updated week of 05-OCT-2025)

Pacific	current value	series std	current value key »	monthly tendency key »
Niño1+2 far eastern equatorial SSTA map »	-0.15 °C	±1.09 °C
Niño3 eastern equatorial SSTA map »	-0.29 °C	±0.89 °C
Niño3.4 central equatorial SSTA map »	-0.44 °C	±0.86 °C
Niño4 west-central equatorial SSTA map »	-0.33 °C	±0.67 °C
Atlantic
TNA north tropical SSTA map »	0.54 °C	±0.48 °
TSA south tropical SSTA map »	0.14 °C	±0.40 °C
NAT north equatorial SSTA map »	0.58 °C	±0.51 °C
SAT south equatorial SSTA map »	0.11 °C	±0.42 °C
TASI north-south equatorial SST gradient map »	0.47 °C	±0.54 °C
Indian
WTIO western equatorial SSTA map »	0.09 °C	±0.43 °C
SETIO southeastern equatorial SSTA map »	0.85 °C	±0.44 °C
DMI west-east equatorial SST gradient map »	-0.76 °C	±0.46 °C
SWIO south western SSTA map »	0.38 °C	±0.42 °C

see also the OOPC Web Site for an alternate presentation of the state of the tropical oceans.

Subsurface ocean index

	updated	current value	std	latest 3‑mon mean value key »	latest 3‑mon tendency key »
Bermuda-Labrador Basin Transport Index »	24-JUN-2009	62.0 Mtons/sec	±3.0 Mtons/sec
Indicative of the strength of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current.

Atmospheric teleconnection indices

	updated	latest monthly value	series std	latest 3‑mon value key »	latest 3‑mon tendency key »	latest 1‑yr mean value key »	latest 1‑yr tendency key »
AO Arctic Oscillation	15-SEP-2025	0.05	±1
NAO North Atlantic Oscillation	15-SEP-2025	-0.80	±1
PNA Pacific-North America Pattern	15-SEP-2025	0.81	±1
PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation	15-SEP-2025	-2.02	±1
SAM Southern Annular Mode	15-SEP-2025	-0.71	±1
SOI Southern Oscillation Index	15-SEP-2025	0.10	±1.54
AMO Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation	15-JAN-2023	0.19	±0.22

Key to symbols

value of the index (over the period indicated to latest value)

strongly positive (+1 std < x)
weakly positive (+0.3 std < x < +1 std)
neutral (-0.3 std < x < +0.3 std)
weakly negative (-1 std < x < -0.3 std)
strongly negative (x < -1 std)

x = value of the index over the period indicated to the latest value
std = series standard deviation over period of the climatology

tendency (rate of change over period indicated to latest value)

strong positive tendency (+1 stdx < dx)
weak positive tendency (+0.3 stdx < dx < +1 stdx)
no change (-0.3 stdx < dx < +0.3 stdx)
weak negative tendency (-1 stdx < dx < -0.3 stdx)
strong negative tendency(dx < -1 stdx)

dx = slope of linear fit to values over the period of time indicated, ending at latest value of the index
stdx = standard deviation of dx over the period of the climatology