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Introduction | Overview | | Surface ocean | Subsurface ocean | Sea Ice | Air-Sea Flux AO | NAO | PNA | PDO | | SOI | AMO | El Niño OLR | La Niña OLR shorter series | longer series Southern Annular Mode (SAM, Antarctic Oscillation)The SAM index indicates the predominance of a characteristic pattern of atmospheric circulation over Antarctica. view pattern » In the shorter series case, monthly averages are shown by the plus signs and 3-month running mean filtered index values are shown by the shaded regions. In the longer series case, 3-month averages are shown by the plus signs and 12-month running mean filtered index values are shown by the shaded regions. The monthly standard deviation of the index over the period 1948-2005 is indicated on each plot. get series (netcdf 12kB) » Data source and calculationThe index is calculated by NOAA/CPC (last update ). view details of calculation » The standard deviation of the index over the period 1948-2005 is indicated on the plot. get series (netcdf 12kB) »
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