Pacific-North American Pattern (PNA)

The PNA index indicates the predominance of a characteristic pattern of atmospheric circulation and teleconnection over the North Pacific and North America. view pattern »

In the shorter series case, monthly averages are shown by the plus signs and 3-month running mean filtered index values are shown by the shaded regions. In the longer series case, 3-month averages are shown by the plus signs and 12-month running mean filtered index values are shown by the shaded regions. The monthly standard deviation of the index over the period 1948-2005 is indicated on each plot. get series (netcdf 12kB) »

Data source and calculation

The index is calculated by NOAA/CPC (last update 15-MAR-2024). view details of calculation »